WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC Marcellus Shale Map

Operator: WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
366 Wells
0 Violations
$ 0 Total Fines
Permit Issued Spudded Well Producing Well Violations

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

1. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	OELSCHLAGER NORTH 1-5H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Jan 4th, 2012
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Cook Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
There is no waste information for this site.

Site:	OELSCHLAGER NORTH 1-5H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	0.00	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jan 10th, 2012

Permits Violations Waste Production

2. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	OELSCHLAGER NORTH 1-7H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Jan 4th, 2012
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Cook Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
There is no waste information for this site.

Site:	OELSCHLAGER NORTH 1-7H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	0.00	0.00	0.00

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

3. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	OELSCHLAGER UNIT 1-2H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Oct 7th, 2009
Horizontal:	No	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Cook Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
BRINE	3720.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
DRILLING	640.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRAC FLUID	10420.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT

Site:	OELSCHLAGER UNIT 1-2H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	0.00	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Dec 7th, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

4. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 1H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Jul 31st, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Clearfield
		Municipality:	Cooper Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
FRAC FLUID	19670.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
DRILLING	7270.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRACKING FLUID	33160.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	85391.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
PRODUCED FLUID	405.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 1H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	778,419.21	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Sep 28th, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

5. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 3H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Sep 23rd, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Clearfield
		Municipality:	Cooper Twp

Dec 3rd, 2009: Code: 78.56FRBRD - Failure to maintain 2' freeboard in an impoundment

Dec 30th, 2009: Code: 105NOPERMIT - Encroachment without Permit or Waiver

Dec 30th, 2009: Code: 601.101 - O&G Act 223-General. Used only when a specific O&G Act code cannot be used

Jan 5th, 2010: Code: 105NOPERMIT - Encroachment without Permit or Waiver

Jan 5th, 2010: Code: 601.101 - O&G Act 223-General. Used only when a specific O&G Act code cannot be used

Jan 5th, 2010: Code: 205B - Drilling w/in 100 ft of surface water or wetland w/o variance

Jan 5th, 2010: Code: 691.1 - Clean Streams Law-General. Used only when a specific CLS code cannot be used

Jan 5th, 2010: Code: 102.4INADPLN - E&S Plan not adequate

Jan 22nd, 2010: Code: 105NOPERMIT - Encroachment without Permit or Waiver

Feb 24th, 2010: Code: 78.65(1) - Rat hole not filled

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
FRAC FLUID	27810.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
DRILLING	1700.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	162321.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
PRODUCED FLUID	845.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 3H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	754,572.89	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Oct 22nd, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

6. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 2H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Sep 18th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Clearfield
		Municipality:	Cooper Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILLING	10714.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRAC FLUID	4510.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	3879.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
PRODUCED FLUID	1210.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 2H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	843,486.66	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Aug 24th, 2010

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

7. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 5H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Sep 17th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Clearfield
		Municipality:	Cooper Twp

Jul 26th, 2010: Code: 402CSL B - Failure to meet requirements of permit, rules and regulations, or order of DEP.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILLING	6640.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRAC FLUID	1680.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	4795.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
PRODUCED FLUID	790.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 5H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	714,448.12	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Aug 26th, 2010

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

8. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 4H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Sep 15th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Clearfield
		Municipality:	Cooper Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
There is no waste information for this site.

Site:	ALDER RUN LAND LP 4H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	0.00	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Oct 23rd, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production

9. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	HARTLE 1-8H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Nov 14th, 2012
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Clearfield
		Municipality:	Cooper Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
There is no waste information for this site.

Site:	HARTLE 1-8H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	0.00	0.00	0.00

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

10. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	FRYE SOUTH 1-4H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Mar 29th, 2011
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Boro

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILL CUTTINGS	765.00 Tons	LANDFILL
FRAC FLUID	11253.74 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT

Site:	FRYE SOUTH 1-4H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	873,308.92	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Apr 11th, 2011

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

11. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	EAGLEHOUSE 6H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Apr 6th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
There is no waste information for this site.

Site:	EAGLEHOUSE 6H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	0.00	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jun 30th, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

12. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	EAGLEHOUSE 4H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Mar 30th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
FRAC FLUID	600.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	19056.70 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
DRILLING	10590.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT

Site:	EAGLEHOUSE 4H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	582,969.97	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on May 8th, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

13. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	MARCO 1H-A
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Oct 5th, 2010
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

May 12th, 2011: Code: 212WELLRCD - Failure to submit well record within 30 days of completion of drilling

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILL CUTTINGS	1075.43 Tons	LANDFILL
DRILLING	440.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FLOW-BACK FLUID	42720.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	MARCO 1H-A
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	929,031.94	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jan 27th, 2011

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

14. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	EAGLEHOUSE UNIT NO 1 7H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Apr 30th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILLING	4240.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRAC FLUID	4465.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	6549.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT

Site:	EAGLEHOUSE UNIT NO 1 7H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	483,114.89	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jun 23rd, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

15. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	PANIZZI UNIT NO1 3H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Aug 25th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
FRAC FLUID	25510.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
DRILLING	3775.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	10925.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRACKING FLUID	17500.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT

Site:	PANIZZI UNIT NO1 3H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	856,851.35	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Sep 22nd, 2009

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

16. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	USCHAK 2 5H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Mar 2nd, 2010
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILL CUTTINGS	2520.30 Tons	LANDFILL
BRINE	880.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRAC FLUID	120.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
DRILLING FLUID	100.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE
FLOW-BACK FLUID	210.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	USCHAK 2 5H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	1,050,672.84	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Apr 9th, 2010

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

17. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	USCHAK 1 2H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Jul 23rd, 2010
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILL CUTTINGS	711.00 Tons	LANDFILL
DRILLING FLUID	100.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE
FLOW-BACK FLUID	200.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	USCHAK 1 2H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	579,168.93	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Oct 29th, 2010

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

18. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	MARCO 2H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Oct 5th, 2010
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILL CUTTINGS	484.00 Tons	LANDFILL
FRAC FLUID	110.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
PRODUCED FLUID	920.00 Bbl	CENTRALIZED TREATMENT PLANT FOR RECYCLE

Site:	MARCO 2H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	902,602.41	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jan 27th, 2011

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

19. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	MARCO 3H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	Oct 5th, 2010
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

There are no violations for this site.

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
DRILL CUTTINGS	737.00 Tons	LANDFILL

Site:	MARCO 3H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	786,838.39	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jan 27th, 2011

Permits Violations Waste Production Spud

20. WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC

Address:	6000 TOWN CENTER BLVD STE 300 CANONSBURG, PA 15317-5838

Site Name:	PANIZZI UNIT NO 1 4H
Well Type:	GAS	Status:	New
Marcellus:	Yes	Permit Issued:	May 7th, 2009
Horizontal:	Yes	County:	Westmoreland
		Municipality:	Derry Twp

Mar 29th, 2011: Code: 102.4 - Failure to minimize accelerated erosion, implement E&S plan, maintain E&S controls. Failure to stabilize site until total site restoration under OGA Sec 206(c)(d)

Waste Type	Quantity	Disposal Method
FRAC FLUID	20630.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
BRINE	12275.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT
FRACKING FLUID	6670.00 Bbl	BRINE OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT PLT

Site:	PANIZZI UNIT NO 1 4H
Operator:	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC
	Gas (MCF)	Condensate (Bbl)	Oil (Bbl)
Amount:	1,751,860.10	0.00	0.00

This well was drilled on Jun 26th, 2009

2 / 19

Site Name	County	Municipality	Operator	Violations
OELSCHLAGER NORTH 1-5H	Westmoreland	Cook Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
OELSCHLAGER NORTH 1-7H	Westmoreland	Cook Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
OELSCHLAGER UNIT 1-2H	Westmoreland	Cook Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
ALDER RUN LAND LP 1H	Clearfield	Cooper Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
ALDER RUN LAND LP 3H	Clearfield	Cooper Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	10
ALDER RUN LAND LP 2H	Clearfield	Cooper Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
ALDER RUN LAND LP 5H	Clearfield	Cooper Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	1
ALDER RUN LAND LP 4H	Clearfield	Cooper Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
HARTLE 1-8H	Clearfield	Cooper Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
FRYE SOUTH 1-4H	Westmoreland	Derry Boro	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
EAGLEHOUSE 6H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
EAGLEHOUSE 4H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
MARCO 1H-A	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	1
EAGLEHOUSE UNIT NO 1 7H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
PANIZZI UNIT NO1 3H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
USCHAK 2 5H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
USCHAK 1 2H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
MARCO 2H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
MARCO 3H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	0
PANIZZI UNIT NO 1 4H	Westmoreland	Derry Twp	WPX ENERGY APPALACHIA LLC	1